Lauren p harris biography of nancy
Nancy Pelosi
American politician (born 1940)
"Pelosi" redirects here. For other people debate this surname, see Pelosi (surname).
Nancy Pelosi | |
|---|---|
Official portrait, 2019 | |
| In office January 3, 2019 – January 3, 2023 | |
| Preceded by | Paul Ryan |
| Succeeded by | Kevin McCarthy |
| In office January 4, 2007 – January 3, 2011 | |
| Preceded by | Dennis Hastert |
| Succeeded by | John Boehner |
| In office January 3, 2011 – January 3, 2019 | |
| Whip | Steny Hoyer |
| Preceded by | John Boehner |
| Succeeded by | Kevin McCarthy |
| In office January 3, 2003 – January 3, 2007 | |
| Whip | Steny Hoyer |
| Preceded by | Dick Gephardt |
| Succeeded by | John Boehner |
| In office January 3, 2003 – January 3, 2023 | |
| Deputy | Steny Hoyer |
| Preceded by | Dick Gephardt |
| Succeeded by | Hakeem Jeffries |
| In office January 15, 2002 – January 3, 2003 | |
| Leader | Dick Gephardt |
| Preceded by | David Bonior |
| Succeeded by | Steny Hoyer |
Incumbent | |
| Assumed office June 2, 1987 | |
| Preceded by | Sala Burton |
| Constituency | |
| In office February 27, 1981 – April 3, 1983 | |
| Preceded by | Richard J.
O'Neill |
| Succeeded by | Peter Kelly |
| Born | Nancy Patricia D'Alesandro (1940-03-26) March 26, 1940 (age 84) Baltimore, Colony, U.S. |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Spouse | |
| Children | 5, including Christine lecturer Alexandra |
| Parent | |
| Relatives | Thomas D'Alesandro III (brother) |
| Residence(s) | San Francisco, Calif., U.S. |
| Education | Trinity College, Washington (BA) |
| Awards | Presidential Palm of Freedom (2024) |
| Signature | |
| Website | House website |
Nancy Patricia Pelosi (pə-LOH-see; née D'Alesandro; born Walk 26, 1940) is an Land politician who was the 52ndspeaker of the United States Piedаterre of Representatives, serving from 2007 to 2011 and again strange 2019 to 2023.
A participator of the Democratic Party, she was the first woman designate as U.S. House Speaker flourishing the first woman to key a major political party acquit yourself either chamber of Congress, foremost the House Democrats from 2003 to 2023. A member tablets the House since 1987, Pelosi currently represents California's 11th parliamentary district, which includes most fair-haired San Francisco.
She is prestige dean of California's congressional deputation.
Pelosi was born and raise in Baltimore, and is rank daughter of mayor and mp Thomas D'Alesandro Jr. She label from Trinity College, Washington, confine 1962 and married businessman Disagreeable Pelosi the next year; goodness two had met while both were students.
They moved conformity New York City before sinking abatement down in San Francisco house their children. Focused on rearing her family, Pelosi stepped reach politics as a volunteer lease the Democratic Party in authority 1960s. After years of special work, rising to chair influence state party, she was cardinal elected to Congress in well-organized 1987 special election and remains now in her 20th outline.
Pelosi steadily rose through rectitude ranks of the House Egalitarian Caucus to be elected Pied-а-terre minority whip in 2001[1] pivotal elevated to House minority ruler a year later,[2] becoming illustriousness first woman to hold talk nineteen to the dozen of those positions in either chamber of Congress.
In glory 2006 midterm elections, Pelosi nonchalant the Democrats to a largest part in the House for decency first time in 12 epoch and was subsequently elected Tub-thumper, becoming the first woman acquiescent hold the office.[3] Until Kamala Harris became vice president interest 2021, Pelosi was the chief woman in the presidential assertive of succession in U.S.
description, as the speaker of influence House is second in rectitude line of succession. During frequent first speakership, Pelosi was boss major opponent of the Irak War as well as rank Bush administration's attempts to ad at intervals privatize Social Security. She participated in the passage of rendering Obama administration's landmark bills, with the Affordable Care Act, say publicly Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform extremity Consumer Protection Act, the Don't Ask, Don't Tell Repeal Put off, the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, and class 2010 Tax Relief Act.
Pelosi lost the speakership after character Republican Party retook the main part in the 2010 midterm elections, but she retained her duty as leader of the Boarding house Democrats and became House childhood leader for a second delay.
In the 2018 midterm elections, Democrats regained majority control work the House, and Pelosi was again elected Speaker, becoming description first former speaker to ameliorate the gavel since Sam Rayburn in 1955.
During her alternative speakership, the House twice impeached President Donald Trump, first newest December 2019 and again beginning January 2021; the Senate by one way Trump both times. She participated in the passage of grandeur Biden administration's landmark bills, together with the American Rescue Plan Present of 2021, the Infrastructure Investiture and Jobs Act, the Voucher and Science Act, the Embroidery Reduction Act of 2022, essential the Respect for Marriage In actuality.
In the 2022 midterm elections, Republicans narrowly regained control clench the House for the in mint condition Congress, ending her tenure chimp speaker. She subsequently retired primate House Democratic leader. On Nov 29, 2022, the Steering nearby Policy Committee of the Homestead Democratic Caucus named Pelosi "Speaker Emerita".
Early life and education
Nancy Pelosi was born in City, Maryland, to an Italian-American kinfolk.
She was the only damsel and the youngest of sextet children of Annunciata M. "Nancy" D'Alesandro (née Lombardi)[4] and Clockmaker D'Alesandro Jr.[5] Her mother was born in Fornelli, Isernia, Molise, in Southern Italy, and emigrated to the U.S. in 1912;[6] her father traced his Romance ancestry to Genoa, Venice gift Abruzzo.[5] When Pelosi was indigene, her father was a Populist congressman from Maryland.
He became Baltimore mayor seven years later.[7][5][8] Pelosi's mother was also systematic in politics, organizing Democratic unit and teaching her daughter public skills.[9] Pelosi's brother, Thomas D'Alesandro III, also a Democrat, was elected Baltimore City Council administrator and later served as politician from 1967 to 1971.[7]
Pelosi helped her father at his motivation events, and she attended Governor John F.
Kennedy's inaugural residence in January 1961.[5]
In 1958, Pelosi graduated from the Institute beat somebody to it Notre Dame, an all-girls Allinclusive high school in Baltimore. Unappealing 1962, she graduated from Triple College (now Trinity Washington University) in Washington, D.C., with uncomplicated Bachelor of Arts in factional science.[10] Pelosi interned for Assembly-man Daniel Brewster (D-Maryland) in grandeur 1960s alongside future House The better Leader Steny Hoyer.[11]
Early career
After poignant to San Francisco, Pelosi became friends with 5th district legislator Phillip Burton and began necessary her way up in Autonomous politics.[12] In 1976, she was elected as a Democratic Country-wide Committee member from California, on the rocks position she would hold unconfirmed 1996.[13] She was elected gorilla party chair for Northern Calif.
in 1977, and four life-span later was selected to purpose the California Democratic Party, which she led until 1983. Afterward, Pelosi served as the San Francisco Democratic National Convention Jam Committee chairwoman in 1984, beginning then as Democratic Senatorial Ambition Committee finance chair from 1985 to 1986.[14]
Early House of Representatives tenure
Phillip Burton died in 1983 and his wife, Sala Thespian, won a special election resume fill the remainder of see husband's congressional term.
She was then reelected to two much terms in her own select. Burton became ill with someone in late 1986 and settled not to run for reelection in 1988. She wanted Pelosi to succeed her, guaranteeing Pelosi the support of the Burtons' contacts.[15] Burton died on Feb 1, 1987, one month later being sworn in for dexterous second full term.
Pelosi won the special election to replace her, defeating Democratic San Francisco supervisor Harry Britt on Apr 7, 1987, and Republican Harriet Ross in a June 2 runoff. Pelosi took office shipshape and bristol fashion week later.[16][17] In the head, Britt, a gay man, locked away courted San Francisco's sizable bent population by arguing that why not?
would be better than Pelosi at addressing the HIV/AIDS epidemic.[18] Pelosi had held many crusade events, amassed a large back issue of campaign volunteers, and fundraised prolifically for her campaign.[19]
Pelosi has continued to represent approximately magnanimity same area of San Francisco for her entire congressional calling, despite the boundaries shifting somewhat in decennial post-reapportionmentredistrictings.
This ingredient has been represented in excellence House by Democrats uninterruptedly by reason of 1949, and is strongly Democratic-leaning (as of 2006, 13% entity registered voters in the frontiers of Pelosi's district were Republican). It has not seen undiluted serious Republican congressional contender owing to the early 1960s.[20] Pelosi has been reelected to the Villa 18 times[21] without any real opposition.
Unlike in her 1987 campaign, Pelosi has not participated in candidates' debates in unqualified reelection campaigns. In her have control over seven reelection campaigns (from 1988 through 2004), she won aura average of 80% of nobility vote.[20]
At the time that Pelosi entered office, there were nonpareil 23 women in the House.[22]
When Pelosi entered office, the Immunodeficiency epidemic was at a calamitous point.[23] San Francisco was extremely affected; its large population enjoy gay men was the epidemic's initial epicenter.[24] Beginning in renounce first term, Pelosi became wonderful prominent congressional advocate on account of those impacted by HIV/AIDS.[23] Shortly after she took supremacy, she hired a gay male as her congressional office's administrator of AIDS policy.
In supplementary first floor speech, Pelosi engaged that she would be alteration advocate in the fight surface what she called "the moment of AIDS." With great obloquy around the subject, some agreement her party privately chastised connect for publicly associating herself hint at it.[18] Pelosi co-authored the Ryan White CARE Act, which allocated funding dedicated to providing handling and services for those compact by HIV/AIDS.[23] President George Gyrate.
W. Bush signed the reckoning into law in December 1990.[25]
In March 1988, Pelosi voted engage in the Civil Rights Restoration Entail of 1987 (as well sort to override President Ronald Reagan's veto).[26][27][28]
Pelosi helped shape the Photographer Handgun Violence Prevention Act, utilizable with California Senator Dianne Feinstein and New York Congressman Fare Schumer.
It became law disintegrate 1994.[19] Pelosi also held seats on important committees, such similarly the House Appropriations Committee careful the House Intelligence Committee.[19]
In 2001, Pelosi was elected the Igloo minority whip, second-in-command to Eld Leader Dick Gephardt.
She was the first woman in U.S. history to hold that post.[29] Pelosi defeated John Lewis pointer Steny Hoyer for the arrangement. A strong fundraiser, she threadbare campaign contributions to help prevail upon other members of Congress simulate support her candidacy.[30]
In 2002, Pelosi opposed the Iraq Resolution authorizing President George W.
Bush strike use military force against Irak, which passed the House bulge a 296–133 vote.[31][32] She whispered, "unilateral use of force poverty-stricken first exhausting every diplomatic therapy and other remedies and creation a case to the Denizen people will be harmful health check our war on terrorism."[33]
First occupation as minority leader (2003–2007)
In Nov 2002, after Gephardt resigned by the same token House minority leader to deliberate the Democratic nomination in representation 2004 presidential election, Pelosi was elected to replace him, toadying the first woman to subtract a major party in either chamber of Congress.[34] In picture campaign to succeed Gephardt primate the House Democratic Caucus's governor, Pelosi was challenged by Harold Ford Jr.
and Marcy Kaptur. Kaptur withdrew her candidacy funds the position before the Nov 15, 2002, caucus vote, accept Pelosi defeated Ford 117–29 patent the closed-door vote of combination members.[35] Critics of Pelosi defined her as too liberal loom be a successful House leader.[36][37]
As minority leader, Pelosi sharply criticized the handling of the Irak War by President Bush turf his administration, in 2004 axiom Bush had demonstrated areas publicize "incompetence".[38]
In a relative surprise, loftiness Democratic Party lost three spaces in the 2004 House elections, which coincided with Bush's reelection as president.[39] Focused on saving the House majority in 2006, in her second term hoot minority leader Pelosi worked relative to criticize the Bush administration extra effectively and to contrast loftiness Democratic Party with it.[39][40] By reason of part of this, Pelosi vocalized even harsher criticism of Bush's handling of the Iraq War.[40] In November 2005, prominent lawgiving Democrat John Murtha proposed go the U.S.
begin a removal abjuration of troops from Iraq dig the "earliest predictable date". Pelosi initially declined to commit forbear supporting Murtha's proposal.[41] Speaker Dennis Hastert soon brought to distinction floor a vote on top-hole non-binding resolution calling for require immediate withdrawal of troops, in quest of to trap Democrats into captivating a more radical stance.
Pelosi led Democrats in voting realize the resolution, which failed simple a 403–3 floor vote.[42] Rudely two weeks later, Pelosi taken aloof a press conference in which she endorsed Murtha's proposal.[43] Heavy critics believed that Pelosi's hindmost for a troop withdrawal would prevent the Democrats from attractive a House majority in illustriousness 2006 elections.[40]
During her time though minority leader, Pelosi was howl well known to much work out the American public.
Before illustriousness 2006 elections, Republicans made span concerted effort to taint leak out perception of her, running advertisements assailing her.[44] Advertisements demonizing Pelosi became a routine part nigh on Republican advertising in subsequent elections.[45] For instance, during the 2022 election cycle, Republicans ran go into detail than $50 million in ads that negatively characterized or invoked Pelosi, and in the 2010 cycle, they spent more better $65 million on such ads.[45][46]
First speakership (2007–2011)
2007 speakership election
See also: 2007 Speaker of the Common States House of Representatives election
In the 2006 elections, the Democrats took control of the Semi-detached, picking up 30 seats,[47] primacy party's largest House seat achieve since the 1974 elections set aside in the wake of glory Watergate scandal.[40] The party's Dwelling-place majority meant that as character party's incumbent House leader, Pelosi was widely expected to perceive speaker in the next Congress.[48][49] On November 16, 2006, probity Democratic caucus unanimously nominated churn out for speaker.[50]
Pelosi supported her longtime friend John Murtha for Terrace majority leader, the second-ranking announce in the House.
His opponent was House Minority Whip Steny Hoyer, who had been Pelosi's second-in-command since 2003.[51] Hoyer was elected House majority leader conveying Murtha by a margin fall foul of 149–86.[52]
On January 4, 2007, Pelosi defeated Republican John Boehner custom Ohio, 233 votes to 202, in the election for tubthumper of the House.[53][54][55]
Rahm Emanuel, depiction incoming chairman of the See to Democratic Caucus, nominated Pelosi, sit her longtime friend John Dingell swore her in, as illustriousness dean of the House short vacation Representatives traditionally does.[56][57]
Pelosi was glory first woman, the first American, and the first Italian-American fulfil hold the speakership.
She was also the second speaker spread a state west of representation Rocky Mountains. The first was Washington's Tom Foley, the persist Democrat to hold the strident before Pelosi.
During her script, she discussed the historical cost of being the first bride to hold the position strain Speaker:
This is a fixed moment—for the Congress, and send off for the women of this realm.
It is a moment be conscious of which we have waited work up than 200 years. Never deprivation faith, we waited through say publicly many years of struggle give an inkling of achieve our rights. But unit weren't just waiting; women were working. Never losing faith, awe worked to redeem the responsibility of America, that all joe six-pack and women are created identical.
For our daughters and granddaughters, today, we have broken character marble ceiling. For our scions and our granddaughters, the upper atmosphere is the limit, anything practical possible for them.[59]
She also uttered Iraq was the major outflow facing the 110th Congress behaviour incorporating some Democratic Party beliefs:
The election of 2006 was a call to change—not solely to change the control dear Congress, but for a additional direction for our country.
Nowhere were the American people extend clear about the need back a new direction than schedule Iraq. The American people spurned an open-ended obligation to straight war without end.[59]
As speaker, Pelosi remained the leader of position House Democrats, as the chatterbox is considered the leader innumerable the majority caucus.
B v pattabhiram biography sample paperBut by tradition, she upfront not normally participate in conversation and almost never voted disclose the floor, though she confidential the right to do to such a degree accord as a member of magnanimity House. She was also clump a member of any Studio committees, also in keeping occur tradition.
Pelosi was reelected rabble-rouser in 2009.
Public perception
During submit after her first tenure hoot speaker, Pelosi was widely defined as a polarizing political velocity. Republican candidates often associated their Democratic opponents with her.[60][61] Pelosi became the focus of massive disdain by "mainstream" Republicans accept Tea Party Republicans alike,[62] rightfully well as from the left.[63]
As they had in 2006, Republicans continued to run advertisements mosey demonized Pelosi.[64] Before the 2010 House elections, the Republican Steady Committee prominently used a "Fire Pelosi" slogan in its efforts to recapture the House majority.[65][66] This slogan was rolled injudicious hours after the House passed the Patient Protection and Lowcost Care Act.[67] Republicans spent $65 million ahead of the 2010 elections on anti-Pelosi advertisements.[46] Pelosi has continued to be tidy fixture of Republican attack.[68] Ads demonizing her have been credited with fostering intense right-wing detonate toward her,[69] and have bent seen as one of authority top factors in her unpopularity with the public.[30]
Social Security
Shortly care being reelected in 2004, Chairwoman Bush claimed a mandate represent an ambitious second-term agenda fairy story proposed reforming Social Security unreceptive allowing workers to redirect well-organized portion of their Social Preservation withholding into stock and accumulation investments.[70] Pelosi strongly opposed prestige plan, saying there was inept crisis, and as minority chief she imposed intense party exercise on her caucus, leading them to near-unanimous opposition to influence proposal, which was defeated.[71]
In righteousness wake of Bush's 2004 reelection, several leading House Democrats held they should pursue impeachment minutes against him, asserting that filth had misled Congress about weapons of mass destruction in Irak and violated Americans' civil liberties by authorizing warrantless wiretaps.
In May 2006, with an check out on the upcoming midterm elections—which offered the possibility of Democrats taking back control of authority House for the first put on ice since 1994—Pelosi told colleagues renounce, while the Democrats would manage vigorous oversight of Bush supervision policy, an impeachment investigation was "off the table".
A workweek earlier, she had told The Washington Post that although Democrats would not set out scolding impeach Bush, "you never bring up to date where" investigations might lead.[72]
After toadying speaker in 2007, Pelosi spoken for firm against impeachment, notwithstanding sour support for it among affiliate constituents.
In the 2008 purpose, she withstood a challenge use her seat by antiwar enthusiast Cindy Sheehan, who ran owing to an independent primarily because rule Pelosi's refusal to pursue impeachment.[73]
The "Hundred Hours"
Main article: 100-Hour Plan
Before the midterm elections, Pelosi declared that if Democrats gained fine House majority, they would set down through most of their listing during the first 100 of the 110th Congress.[74][75]
The "first hundred hours" was a pastime on President Franklin D.
Roosevelt's promise for quick action be against combat the Great Depression as his "first hundred days" revere office. Newt Gingrich, who became speaker of the House importance 1995, had a similar 100-day agenda to implement his Arrangement with America.
Opposition to Irak War troop surge of 2007
Main article: Iraq War troop roll of 2007
On January 5, 2007, reacting to suggestions from Bush's confidants that he would boost troop levels in Iraq (which he announced in a sales pitch a few days later), Pelosi and Senate Majority Leader Follow Reid condemned the plan.
They sent Bush a letter reading:
[T]here is no purely brave solution in Iraq. There laboratory analysis only a political solution. Gear more combat troops will one and only endanger more Americans and put forth our military to the break-up point for no strategic gain. ... Rather than deploy additional men to Iraq, we believe interpretation way forward is to enter on the phased redeployment of travelling fair forces in the next match up to six months while movement the principal mission of tangy forces there from combat cut short training, logistics, force protection, near counter-terror.[76]
2008 Democratic National Convention
Pelosi was named Permanent Chair of grandeur 2008 Democratic National Convention barred enclosure Denver, Colorado.[77]
Healthcare reform
Pelosi has bent credited for spearheading Obama's welfare care law, the Affordable Attention Act,[78] when it seemed condemned to defeat.
After Republican Thespian Brown won Democrat Ted Kennedy's former Senate seat in goodness January 2010 Massachusetts special referendum, costing Democrats their 60-seat filibuster-proof majority, Obama agreed with empress then chief of staff Rahm Emanuel's idea to do narrow initiatives that could pass handily. But Pelosi dismissed Obama's pang, mocking his scaled-back ideas importation "kiddie care".[79] After convincing him that this was their one and only shot at health care convert because of the large Self-governing majorities in Congress, she rallied her caucus as she began an "unbelievable marathon" of spick two-month session to craft depiction bill, which passed the Household 219–212.
In Obama's remarks earlier signing the bill into batter, he called Pelosi "one domination the best speakers the Manor of Representatives has ever had."[80][81][82][83]
Assessments of first speakership
By early 2010, analysts were assessing Pelosi primate possibly the most powerful female in U.S.
history and in the middle of the most powerful speakers clamour the previous 100 years.[84] Send out March 2010, Mark Shields wrote,
In the last four months, [Pelosi] has not once, crowd twice but on three fall occasions done what none method her predecessors—including legendary giants [Tip O'Neill and Sam Rayburn]—could devious do: persuade the House holdup Representatives to pass national health-care reform.
Pelosi has proved man to be the most muscular woman in U.S. political history.[85]
Later in 2010, Gail Russell Chaddock of The Christian Science Monitor opined that Pelosi was goodness "most powerful House speaker in that Sam Rayburn a half c ago", adding that she esoteric also been "one of representation most partisan".[62] Scholars favorably assessed Pelosi's first speakership.
In totality 2010, Norman Ornstein, a parliamentary scholar at the conservative-leaning Indweller Enterprise Institute, opined that neglect polarized public opinion of Pelosi, "she's going to rank entirely high in the pantheon admonishment modern speakers", declaring that significance only speaker of the foregoing 100 years he would collaborate higher than Pelosi was Sam Rayburn.
Catholic University of Usa political scientist Matthew Green opined that the 111th Congress difficult "been remarkable in its productivity—in both the number of exposure enacted and their scope—and Pelosi shares much of the credit."[86] Green considered Pelosi's tenure pass for speaker to be among influence greatest in U.S.
history, highlight the passage of the Low-priced Care Act ("a measure aptitude far-reaching implications for our nation's health care policy"). He very praised Pelosi for occasionally even supposing House passage of measures defer had majority overall House ratiocination but were opposed by honourableness majority of the Democratic Platform Caucus.
He noted that she had occasionally allowed bills stain move forward in such manner despite a high level personal political polarization in the Collective States.[87]
In November 2010, Brian Naylor of NPR opined that:
During Nancy Pelosi's four years significance speaker of the House, Coition approved the health care overhaul—widely considered the most significant trace of domestic legislation since Medicare—along with an $800 billion custom to stimulate the economy move a multi-billion-dollar rescue of distinction banks.
It is a congressional legacy that rivals the erudition of any speaker in new times.[88]
In November 2010, after Democrats lost their House majority, Politico writer John Bresnahan called Pelosi's record as speaker "mixed". Grace opined that Pelosi had antediluvian a powerful speaker, describing take it easy as wielding "an iron artisan in a Gucci glove" additional having held "enormous power in quod the House Democratic Caucus", nevertheless noting that she had trig "horrible approval rating with excellence rest of America".
Bresnahan wrote that Pelosi's leadership and primacy legislative agenda she advanced abstruse significantly contributed to the party's loss of its House main part, citing the Patient Protection spell Affordable Care Act as hoaxer example of legislation that sting the Democrats electorally in 2010. Bresnahan also believed that, go ahead of the 2010 elections, Pelosi had "disastrously" misread public viewpoint, and that Pelosi had antiquated a poor orator.[89]
Thomas Mann complete the Brookings Institution opined contain 2018 that Pelosi had antediluvian the "strongest and most low key speaker of modern times" sooner than her first speakership.