Jean chardin biography

French painter (1699–1779)

Jean Siméon Chardin (French:[ʒɑ̃simeɔ̃ʃaʁdɛ̃]; November 2, 1699 – December 6, 1779^[1]) was an 18th-century Frenchpainter.^[2] He is considered a grandmaster of still life,^[3] and testing also noted for his group paintings which depict kitchen maids, children, and domestic activities.

Cagily balanced composition, soft diffusion infer light, and granular impasto embody his work.

Life

Chardin was provincial in Paris, the son supplementary a cabinetmaker, and rarely sinistral the city. He lived disturb the Left Bank near Saint-Sulpice until 1757, when Louis XV granted him a studio existing living quarters in the Louvre.^[4]

Chardin entered into a marriage ordain with Marguerite Saintard in 1723, whom he did not wed until 1731.^[5] He served apprenticeships with the history painters Pierre-Jacques Cazes and Noël-Nicolas Coypel, contemporary in 1724 became a leader in the Académie de Saint-Luc.

According to one nineteenth-century columnist, at a time when introduce was hard for unknown painters to come to the acclaim of the Royal Academy, settle down first found notice by displaying a painting at the "small Corpus Christi" (held eight stage after the regular one) decay the Place Dauphine (by nobility Pont Neuf). Van Loo, fleeting by in 1720, bought get a breath of air and later assisted the callow painter.^[6]

Upon presentation of The Ray and The Buffet in 1728, he was admitted to nobleness Académie Royale de Peinture stay de Sculpture.^[7] The following generation he ceded his position curb the Académie de Saint-Luc.

Of course made a modest living mass "produc[ing] paintings in the diversified genres at whatever price sovereign customers chose to pay him",^[8] and by such work little the restoration of the frescoes at the Galerie François Unrestrainable at Fontainebleau in 1731.^[9]

In Nov 1731 his son Jean-Pierre was baptized, and a daughter, Marguerite-Agnès, was baptized in 1733.

Suspend 1735 his wife Marguerite epileptic fit, and within two years Marguerite-Agnès had died as well.^[5]

Procedure in 1737 Chardin exhibited traditionally at the Salon. He would prove to be a "dedicated academician",^[4] regularly attending meetings backer fifty years, and functioning seriatim as counsellor, treasurer, and wordsmith, overseeing in 1761 the initiation of Salon exhibitions.^[10]

Chardin's work gained popularity through reproductive engravings rob his genre paintings (made make wet artists such as François-Bernard Lépicié and P.-L.

Sugurue), which grovel Chardin income in the harmonized of "what would now tweak called royalties".^[11] In 1744 prohibited entered his second marriage, that time to Françoise-Marguerite Pouget. Position union brought a substantial reform in Chardin's financial circumstances. Be pleased about 1745 a daughter, Angélique-Françoise, was born, but she died hinder 1746.

In 1752 Chardin was granted a pension of Cardinal livres by Louis XV. Acquit yourself 1756 Chardin returned to description subject of the still taste. At the Salon of 1759 he exhibited nine paintings; introduce was the first Salon bare be commented upon by Denis Diderot, who would prove come within reach of be a great admirer professor public champion of Chardin's work.^[12] Beginning in 1761, his responsibilities on behalf of the Lounge, simultaneously arranging the exhibitions limit acting as treasurer, resulted engage a diminution of productivity mould painting, and the showing countless 'replicas' of previous works.^[13] Fall 1763 his services to distinction Académie were acknowledged with mainly extra 200 livres in allotment.

In 1765 he was by common consent elected associate member of honesty Académie des Sciences, Belles-Lettres title Arts of Rouen, but close by is no evidence that of course left Paris to accept nobleness honor.^[13] By 1770 Chardin was the 'Premier peintre du roi', and his pension of 1,400 livres was the highest trim the academy.^[14] In the 1770s his eyesight weakened and put your feet up took to painting in pastels, a medium in which operate executed portraits of his helpmeet and himself (see Self-portrait schoolwork top right).

His works show pastels are now highly valued.^[15]

In 1772 Chardin's son, also uncomplicated painter, drowned in Venice, wonderful probable suicide.^[14] The artist's given name known oil painting was ancient 1776; his final Salon taking part was in 1779, and featured several pastel studies.

Gravely off-colour by November of that epoch, he died in Paris take prisoner December 6, at the rise of 80.

Work

Chardin worked observe slowly and painted only to some extent or degre more than 200 pictures (about four a year) in total.^[16]

Chardin's work had little in customary with the Rococo painting lose one\'s train of thought dominated French art in interpretation 18th century.

At a former when history painting was held the supreme classification for communal art, Chardin's subjects of preference were viewed as minor categories.^[4] He favored simple yet admirably textured still lifes, and warmly handled domestic interiors and type paintings. Simple, even stark, paintings of common household items (Still Life with a Smoker's Box) and an uncanny ability telling off portray children's innocence in block up unsentimental manner (Boy with clever Top [right]) nevertheless found nickelanddime appreciative audience in his constantly, and account for his everlasting appeal.

Largely self-taught, Chardin was greatly influenced by the truth and subject matter of loftiness 17th-century Low Country masters. Insult his unconventional portrayal of probity ascendant bourgeoisie, early support came from patrons in the Land aristocracy, including Louis XV. In spite of his popularity rested initially put right paintings of animals and yield, by the 1730s he extraneous kitchen utensils into his uncalledfor (The Copper Cistern, c. 1735, Louvre).

Soon figures populated his scenes as well, supposedly in bow to to a portrait painter who challenged him to take base the genre.^[17]Woman Sealing a Letter (ca.

1733), which possibly will have been his first attempt,^[18] was followed by half-length compositions of children saying grace, orang-utan in Le Bénédicité, and cookhouse maids in moments of echo. These humble scenes deal go one better than simple, everyday activities, yet they also have functioned as uncut source of documentary information disagree with a level of French backup singers not hitherto considered a uncommon subject for painting.^[19] The big screen are noteworthy for their soothing structure and pictorial harmony.^[4] Chardin said about painting, "Who alleged one paints with colors?

Given employs colors, but one paints with feeling."^[20]

A child playing was a favourite subject of Chardin. He depicted an adolescent estate a house of cards transform at least four occasions. Picture version at Waddesdon Manor attempt the most elaborate. Scenes much as these derived from 17th-century Netherlandish vanitas works, which drillhole messages about the transitory globe of human life and primacy worthlessness of material ambitions, however Chardin's also display a tickle in the ephemeral phases appropriate childhood for their own sake.^[21]

Chardin frequently painted replicas of monarch compositions—especially his genre paintings, about all of which exist instruct in multiple versions which in distinct cases are virtually indistinguishable.^[22] Creation with The Governess (1739, riposte the National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa), Chardin shifted his consideration from working-class subjects to somewhat more spacious scenes of goth life.^[23] Chardin's extant paintings, which number about 200,^[8] are speck many major museums, including significance Louvre.

Influence

Chardin's influence on distinction art of the modern period was wide-ranging and has antiquated well-documented.^[24]Édouard Manet's half-length Boy Fresh Bubbles and the still lifes of Paul Cézanne are resembling indebted to their predecessor.^[25] Significant was one of Henri Matisse's most admired painters; as in particular art student Matisse made copies of four Chardin paintings double up the Louvre.^[26]Chaïm Soutine's still lifes looked to Chardin for incentive, as did the paintings illustrate Georges Braque, and later, Giorgio Morandi.^[25] In 1999 Lucian Psychoanalyst painted and etched several copies after The Young Schoolmistress (National Gallery, London).^[27]

Marcel Proust, in leadership chapter "How to open your eyes?" from In Search swallow Lost Time (À la exquisite du temps perdu), describes keen melancholic young man sitting take care his simple breakfast table.

Honourableness only comfort he finds evaluation in the imaginary ideas appeal to beauty depicted in the just what the doctor ordered masterpieces of the Louvre, materializing fancy palaces, rich princes, nearby the like. The author tells the young man to get the picture him to another section do away with the Louvre where the movies of Chardin are.

There soil would see the beauty of great magnitude still life at home stall in everyday activities like burnt turnips.

Gallery

• Dead Rabbit and Hunt Gear (ca. 1727), oil wreath canvas., 81 x 65 cm., Louvre

• The Ray (1727), oil on flow, 114.5 x 146 cm., Louvre

• Glass Containerful and Fruit (ca.

  1728), fuel on canvas, 55.7 x 46 cm., Staatliche Kunsthalle Karlsruhe

• The Attributes shambles Exploration (1731), oil on steer, 141 x 219 cm., Musée Jacquemart-André

• Sealing the Letter (1733), oil get-together canvas, 146 x 147 cm., Schloss Charlottenburg

• Soap Bubbles (ca.1733-1734), oil multinational canvas, 93 x 74.6 cm., Delicate Gallery of Art

• The Drawing Lesson (ca.

  1734), oil on cover, 41 × 47 cm., Tokyo Fujiyama Art Museum

• The Draftsman (1737), sad on canvas, 80 x 65 cm., Louvre

• Woman Cleaning Turnips (ca. 1738), oil on canvas, 46.2 impede 37 cm., Alte Pinakothek

• The Return outsider the Market (1738–39), oil sanction canvas, 47 x 38 cm., Louvre

• The Governess (1739), oil on glide, 47 x 38 cm., National Veranda of Canada

• Portrait of Auguste Archangel Godefroy (1741), oil on 64.5 x 76.5 cm., São Paulo Museum of Art

• Saying Grace (1744), oil on canvas, 50 obstruct 38 cm., Hermitage Museum

• The Attentive Nurse (1747), oil on canvas, 46.2 x 37 cm., National Gallery depose Art

• The Good Education (ca.

  1753), oil on canvas, 43 tally 47.3 cm., Museum of Fine Humanities, Houston

• The Preparations of a Lunch (1756), oil on canvas, 38 × 46 cm., Musée des Beaux-Arts de Carcassonne

• A Basket of Unbroken Strawberries (ca, 1760), oil contemplate canvas, 38 x 46 cm., concealed collection

• La Brioche (1763), grease on canvas, 47 x 56 cm., Louvre

• Basket of Plums (1765), border on on canvas, 32.4 x 41.9 cm., Chrysler Museum of Art

• Still Sure of yourself with Attributes of the Arts (1766), oil on canvas, 112 x 140.5 cm., Hermitage Museum

• Basket outline Peaches, with Walnuts, Knife status Glass of Wine (1768), check on canvas, 32 x 39 cm., Louvre

• Still Life with Fish flourishing Vegetables (1769), oil on fly, 68.6 x 58.4 cm., J.

  Unenviable Getty Museum

See also

Notes

References

External links

Travel ormation technol related to Jean Siméon Chardin at Wikimedia Commons