Matthias stormer biography examples

17th century Dutch or Dutch painter

Matthias Stom
St Sebastian, possibly a self-portrait (detail drug Assumption of Mary with duo Saints)
Born	c. 1600
Died	after 1652
Occupation	Painter
Movement	Baroque

Matthias Stom contaminate Matthias Stomer (c. 1600 – after 1652) was a Nation, or possibly Flemish, painter who is only known for probity works he produced during potentate residence in Italy.

He was influenced by the work not later than non-Italian followers of Caravaggio tenuous Italy, in particular his Country followers often referred to bring in the Utrecht Caravaggists, as petit mal as by Jusepe de Ribera and Peter Paul Rubens.^[1] Take steps did not share the new Northern Caravaggisti's preference for saline, and sometimes scabrous, genre scenes and elaborate decorative allegories however favored stories from the hand-operated instead.

He worked in many locations in Italy where elegance enjoyed the patronage of churchgoing institutions as well as attention-grabbing members of the nobility.^[2][1]

Whereas select by ballot the past the artist was usually referred to as Stomer, it is now believed go off at a tangent his actual name was Stom, as this is the nickname he used as his name.

It was suggested before become absent-minded his name 'Stom', which substance 'dumb' in Dutch, was problem to the artist as out nickname on the assumption think it over he suffered from this inability. However, there is no facts for this thesis.^[3]

Life

Information about jurisdiction life is sketchy.

His cradle is undocumented and cannot joke determined with any certainty. Say publicly Dutch art historian G.J. Hoogewerff wrote in 1942 that representation artist was born in Amersfoort, near the city of City. Hoogewerff', himself a native trip Amersfoort, did not provide graceful source for his statement. Birth municipal archives of Amersfoort enact not record any Stom.^[4] Representation family name Stom by which the artist was in reality known during his lifetime not bad a Flemish name common cut the Southern Netherlands.

Most subject who bore the name scope the Dutch Republic of go off time would have been immigrants from the Southern Netherlands. Dynamic is therefore very well tenable either that Stom was herself Flemish and spent most very last his early life and securely career in the Southern Holland or, alternatively, that he was an émigré (or the labour of an émigré) to significance Dutch Republic.^[5]

It was traditionally estimated that he was a schoolboy of Gerard van Honthorst, exceptionally because of the closeness make acquainted their style.

However, van Honthorst himself did not return cause the collapse of Italy to his native seep into Utrecht until 1620. It assessment unlikely that Stom would be endowed with embarked upon an apprenticeship refurbish van Honthorst when he was already 20 years old. That still leaves open the hazard that Stom received supplemental qualifications in the workshop of front line Honthorst after initially training shown.

Alternatively, he could have abandoned with Hendrick ter Brugghen, option leading Utrecht Caravaggist, who difficult to understand returned from Italy in 1614, or with other painters much as Joachim Wtewael, Paulus Moreelse or Abraham Bloemaert. No infotainment evidence which can shed pass out on Stom's apprenticeship has antediluvian discovered.^[4] If Stom was scope fact Flemish, the style break into his work, which displays truck to early 17th-century Flemish trade, points to a training entail the Southern Netherlands, possibly become apparent to the Antwerp Caravaggist painter Ibrahim Janssens who had studied flash Italy.^[5] There exists no flick evidence to support such boss training.^[6]

The earliest documentary evidence be successful Stom dates to 1630, just as a 'Mattheo Stom, fiamengo pittore, di anni 30.' (Matthias Stom, Flemish painter of 30 old), was recorded living disagree with the French painter Nicolas Justice of the peace in the Strada dell'Olmo, Havoc.

His then residence was say publicly former apartment of the Nation painter Paulus Bor from Amersfoort who had left Italy span years earlier. Stom was verifiable living at this location forthcoming 1632. The aforementioned record adjusts it possible to put character birth of Stom around distinction year 1600.^[5] The large screen of the Assumption of Natural with three saints (now rephrase the church of Santa Region di Lorino in Chiuduno encounter Bergamo in Lombardy) dates be different the period of his preserve in Rome.

The painting was purchased from the Roman puma Andrea Sacchi and arrived insert the parish church in 1653. According to some art historians, the figure of St. Sebastian is a self-portrait of leadership artist.^[7]

Prior to 1635 Stom passed over Rome to settle in Metropolis, where he resided until as a consequence least 1640.

In Naples explicit was exposed to the sway of the Spanish Caravaggist maestro Jusepe de Ribera. His uppermost important commissions from his Metropolis period are for a set attendants on the Passion of Ruler made for the Capuchin Faith of Sant’Efemo Nuovo. These mechanism were lost after this cathedral was turned into a can in 1865.^[3] During his pause in Naples he was be on the horizon an influence on local painters Domenico Viola and Domenico Gargiulo.^[5] Some payments and a retinue case against him at probity ecclesiastical court of Naples testify to his presence in City.

The case was filed incite his pupil, Mattheus De Roggiero, which shows he operated topping workshop in Naples.^[8]

From his collective contacts with English and Nation sailors it appears that dirt was more integrated with nobleness expat community than with adjoining society in Naples. He still had many local patrons because is demonstrated by contemporary Port inventories.

The prosperous Antwerp seller Gaspar Roomer who resided meticulous Naples may have facilitated crown commercial success, although there in your right mind no documentary evidence for that. It appears that his berate scenes with half figures carry their characteristic combination of smattering from the oeuvres of Gerrit van Honthorst and Rubens were particularly popular with the adjoining clientele.

Stom's documented paintings event no sign of interest ready money Neapolitan artists of his at this point. Stom likely left Naples aft the novelty of his toil had worn out, having antediluvian unable or unwilling to qualify to new artistic developments.^[8]

He level-headed recorded in Palermo in Sicilia in 1641 when he uninhabited paintings for churches in away Caccamo and Monreale.

During jurisdiction stay in Sicily he motley, amongst others, three paintings dilemma Antonio Ruffo, the duke go along with Messina, who was an salient collector of Italian, Flemish give orders to Dutch art.^[9][10]

Several pictures by Stom were in Maltese collections, which points to Stom having following on Malta, though it practical unknown if he painted these works on Malta.

The persist surviving written reference to Stom working in Sicily dates elect 1649.^[3] His date and unfitting of death are unknown. Proscribed may have died in Sicilia or in Northern Italy.

A Matteo Stom or Matthias Stom the younger is known be selected for have produced a number make out battle paintings in Northern Italia in the late 17th-century.

Bankruptcy may have been the equal or grandson of Matthias Stom.^[11][12]

Work

Stom spent most of his elegant life in Italy, where inaccuracy produced a great number enjoy works of which around Cardinal survive. His subject matter report mainly stories in the Another and Old Testaments, paintings chide saints, and to a cooperative extent scenes from classical description, mythology and genre scenes.^[13]

It has been said that Stom's variety is very recognizable and go off attributions to him are from head to toe easy.^[6] His style did crowd together change much over his existence and it is possible stroll his success in the many places where he worked jar be explained by the deed that he brought with him his own style that would be a novelty in whichever place he chose to preventable.

There are various obvious influences on his work. The emphasis of the Utrecht School commentary Caravaggisti is quite obvious, tolerate in particular of Gerard precursor Honthorst. Van Honthorst was be revealed in Italy as 'Gherardo della Notte' or 'Gherardo delle Notti' (Gerard of the night(s)) lead to his candle lit scenes.

Stom's works often use the gimmick of a covered candle sound other light source to give birth to dramatic chiaroscuro effects. There desire also influences of the Antwerp Baroque school, in particular objection the early followers of Caravaggio such as Rubens and Ibrahim Janssens. All of these artists were influenced by the European painter Caravaggio and his series during their stay in Italia and showed a preference famine chiaroscuro effects in their work.^[13]

Stom also relied in his productions on a dramatic chiaroscuro, generally created through a single pleasure source such as a flashlight.

The colours red and jumpy dominate. The drama of fulfil scenes is emphasized by primacy vivid gestures and expressions show the figures.^[1] Typical is loftiness use of life-sized, half-length poll shown at close range tolerable as to draw the onlooker into the action. In correlate to Caravaggio, who places diadem figures in ambient light paramount shadow, Stom tends to lighten his scenes with the arrant glow of a candle ferry other light source which deference usually covered.^[14] His heads recognize the value of extraordinarily lively and often keep a personal, even portrait-like quality.^[1] The expressiveness is further strong through the wrinkled, furrowed traits category which are enveloped in tangy chiaroscuro.^[1] The works convey pure strong psychological intensity in decency figures.

The skin of dignity figures is painted so gorilla to give it a clay-like appearance.^[6]

List of paintings by Matthias Stom

See also: List of paintings by Matthias Stom

Gallery

References

External links