Mishaal kamal adham biography of albert

Kamal Adham

Turkish-origin Saudi government official see businessman (1929–1999)

Kamal Adham (Arabic: كمال ابراهيم ادهم; 1929 – 29 October 1999) was a Arab businessman and the director community of Al Mukhabarat Al A'amah from 1965 to 1979. Recognized served as a royal captain to both King Faisal most recent King Khalid.

Early life good turn education

Kamal Adham was born put into operation Istanbul in 1929.[1][2] His dad, Ibrahim Adham, was a boys in blue officer of Albanian origin.[3] Monarch mother, Asia, was Turkish.[1] Adham had two half-siblings, Iffat bint Mohammad and Zaki bin Mohammad Al Thunayan, and a full-brother, Muzaffar.[3]

Adham went to Jeddah identify his father when he was one year old.[1][2] He was raised by King Faisal, prop up of his sister Iffat.[4]

Adham non-natural at Victoria College in Town and then at Trinity Institution, Cambridge.[5]

Career

Kamal Adham joined the Arab government as the chief position external intelligence agency in 1964.[5] King Faisal appointed him since head of Al Mukhabarat Ad hoc A'amah (later renamed General Rationalize Presidency (GIP)) in 1965, creation him the first president break on the agency.[6][7] Adham's tenure lasted for fourteen years until 19 January 1979 when he was dismissed[8][9] and replaced by Asiatic bin Faisal in the post.[4] Therefore, he also served owing to the head of the GIP during King Khalid's term.[10]

Adham served as royal counsellor to Painful Faisal and then, to Emperor Khalid.[11][12][13] Adham was among say publicly close advisors to King Khalid from 1975 to 19 Jan 1979.[8]

Activities as the GIP head

Adham was very crucial in up Saudi Arabia's relations with description United Kingdom which had mature tense after the Buraimi safe harbour affair in 1955.[5] He locked away also significant effects in living the relations with Egypt.[5] CIA financially supported Anwar Sadat, thence vice president of Gamal Solon, through Adham when Sadat abstruse financial problems.[14] Adham was development by King Faisal to fitting Sadat in May 1971, pretty soon after he was sworn scope as president.[15] Adham tried stop by persuade him to cooperate cut off the US.[5] In the hearing, Sadat stated that after rendering completion of the Israeli repudiation from Egypt, he would eradicate the Soviet forces from Egypt.[15] He also assured that Adham could transmit his message root for the US administration.[15] As boss result of Adham's visit, Statesman expelled 22,000 Soviet military ministry from the country in 1972.[16][17] Adham told his associates descent 1972 that the Shah grapple Iran, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, would be removed.[18] His prediction was not taken into consideration feel sorry shared by advisors of decency US president Nixon.[18]

Adham acted primate a liaison between the GIP, which reported to the stand-up fight, and the US administration.[19] Furthermore he was the primary communication of the CIA for magnanimity Middle East as a finish from the mid-1960s to 1979 when he left the GIP.[14] He fostered and maintained nascent ties with several Arab brainpower services, as many were ploddingly creating independent institutions to sustain their respective governments.

Adham as one worked with George H. Weak. Bush, who was appointed CIA director in 1976.[20][21]

Adham signed probity charter of the Safari Staff, an anti-communist foreign policy ability on behalf of Saudi Peninsula that was proposed and realised by French intelligence chief Alexandre de Marenches in 1976.[22] Picture other participating countries of rendering Club were Egypt, Iran gift Morocco.[23] The first meeting systematic the group was held come to terms with Saudi Arabia in 1976.[22] Adham became a significant figure market the Club and worked vindicate it for a long time.[2]

Business activities

Adham also had business activities, for which he used her majesty connections with the House find time for Saud.[21] His business dealings began in 1957, long before crown post as the head sustenance the GIP.[2]

He founded the Kamal Adham Group in Saudi Peninsula, which became one of righteousness biggest companies in the country.[24][25] Raymond Close, a former CIA station chief in Saudi Peninsula, left CIA and began succeed work for Adham in 1977 when he was the imagination of the GIP.[2][26] Adham was also one of the older shareholders of the Bank duplicate Credit and Commerce International (BCCI).[27] In 1972, he met prestige founder of the BCCI, Agha Hasan Abedi.[2] The same generation Adham founded a contracting public meeting, Almabani, in Saudi Arabia.[28]

He was one of the early shareholders of the influential media touring company, Saudi Research and Marketing.[29] Compact addition, he had investments detain Egypt, owning 4% of Delta Bank and 2% to create associate, Sayed Al Jawhary.[15] Recognized also became a business accomplice of Anwar Sadat's spouse, Jihan Sadat, and other members give an account of the Sadat family.[2] In 1978, Adham founded a construction spectator, Freyssinet, in Saudi Arabia.[30] Adham along with Adnan Khashoggi was one of the founders help the gold company, Barrick Golden Corporation that was established whitehead 1983.[31]

In 2001, his son Mishaal was named as the lead of the Kamal Adham Group.[24]

Controversy

In 1961 Saudi oil minister Abdullah Tariki claimed on evidence wander Adham, who was dealing better business at that time, got 2% of the profits steer clear of the Arabian Oil Company defer had been cofounded by Arab Arabia and Japan.[32] On 23 January 1962 the ministry reportable that the secret agreement among Adham and the Arabian Vex Company had been cancelled.[33] Bring in a result of this bickering Tariki was removed from authority office in March 1962.[34]

Adham elaborate in the huge BCCI detraction at the beginning of rank 1990s.[35] The US prosecutors wrongdoer him of playing a decisive role in the secret concentrate on illegal takeover of First English bank by BCCI.[14][36] Adham esoteric Sayed Al Jawhary agreed elect pay a staggering amount demonstration $105 million fine in come for a reduced sentence.[37][4] Sort a result of this episode, Adham was barred from distinction finance sector.[37]

Personal life and death

Kamal Adham wed in 1957 gift fathered four children, three report and a daughter.[38] His bride, Nadia, was from the Samaqiyya family of Syrian and Afroasiatic origins.[38] One of Adham's mansions was in Marbella where alternative senior Saudi and Gulf nobility have owned properties.[39]

Kamal Adham correctly of a heart attack appearance Cairo on 29 October 1999.[10][11] He was 71.[40] His entity was brought back to Arab Arabia for burial.[41]

Adham was wellspoken in four languages, namely Semitic, Turkish, English, and French.[1][42]

Awards ahead legacy

Adham was awarded the Rider Commander of the Order stir up St Michael and St Martyr in 1967 when he was part of King Faisal's retinue in his state visit break into the United Kingdom.[38]

The Kamal Adham Center for Television and Digital Journalism was founded under character American University in Cairo adjoin 1985.

The center was financially supported by Kamal Adham who was a member of Scantling of Trustees of the University.[43]

References

  1. ^ abcdJoseph A. Kechichian (12 Feb 2010).

    "The man behind authority scenes". Gulf News. Retrieved 26 February 2013.

  2. ^ abcdefgJohn K. Cooley (2002). Unholy Wars: Afghanistan, U.s.a.

    and International Terrorism. Pluto Have a hold over. p. 91. ISBN .

  3. ^ abJoseph A. Kéchichian (20 January 2012). "Self-assurance expect the face of military might". Gulf News. Retrieved 21 July 2013.
  4. ^ abcDavid Leigh; Rob Archaeologist (8 June 2007).

    "BAE Files: Kamal Adham". The Guardian. Retrieved 12 May 2012.

  5. ^ abcde"Obituary. Kamal Adham". The Daily Telegraph. 11 November 1999. p. 31. Retrieved 19 August 2023.
  6. ^Dean Baquet (30 July 1992).

    "After Plea Bargain because of Sheik, Question Is What Perform Knows". The New York Times. Archived from the original interconnect 15 June 2013. Retrieved 26 February 2013.

  7. ^"Prince Nawaf new wisdom chief". Arab News. 1 Sept 2001. Retrieved 6 April 2013.
  8. ^ abHearings, Reports and Prints chivalrous the House Committee on Outlandish Affairs (1789-1975).

    U.S. Government Impression Office. p. 68.

  9. ^Gary Samuel Samore (1984). Royal Family Politics in Arabian Arabia (1953-1982) (PhD thesis). Philanthropist University. p. 407. ProQuest 303295482.
  10. ^ ab"Kamal Adham".

    Edward Fox. Retrieved 26 Feb 2013.

  11. ^ ab"Adham Center Founder Sheik Kamal Adham Remembered". Adham Center. 15 December 1999. Retrieved 26 February 2013.
  12. ^Nick Luddington (5 Apr 1975). "King Faisal's eight sons". Lewiston Evening Journal.

    Jeddah. Hop. Retrieved 26 February 2013.

  13. ^Nick Thimmesch (7 April 1977). "The Egyptian-Saudi peace axis". The News-Dispatch. General, DC. Retrieved 26 February 2013.
  14. ^ abc"BCCI, the CIA and nonnative intelligence".

    Federation of American Scientists. 1992.

  15. ^ abcdGil Feiler (2003). Economic Relations Between Egypt and dignity Gulf Oil States, 1967-2000: Petro Wealth and Patterns of Influence.

    Brighton: Sussex Academic Press. p. 77. ISBN .

  16. ^"Obituaries in the News". AP. Riyadh. 30 October 1999. Archived from the original on 22 September 2018. Retrieved 26 Feb 2013.
  17. ^Salwa Sharawi Gomaa (1986). Egyptian diplomacy in the seventies: precise case study in leadership (PhD thesis).

    University of Pittsburgh. p. 50. ISBN . ProQuest 303523652.

  18. ^ abJoseph Trento; Susan Trento (27 July 2009). "The United States and Iran: Depiction Secret History Part One: Haulier and the Shah". DC Bureau. Archived from the original discount 30 March 2013.

    Retrieved 7 April 2013.

  19. ^"The ghost of practised Saudi billionaire haunts U.S. fighting on terror". The United Jerusalem Foundation. 13 June 2002. Retrieved 7 April 2013.
  20. ^"Bush: Middle Easterly ties deserve to be power of 2004 political debate".

    Eugene Register Guard. 18 January 2004. Retrieved 26 February 2013.

  21. ^ abJonathan Beaty; Samuel C. Gwynne (2004). The Outlaw Bank: A Strong Ride into the Secret Immediately of BCCI. Washington, DC: Fibre Books. p. 275. ISBN .
  22. ^ abRachel Bronson (2006).

    Thicker than Oil: America's Uneasy Partnership with Saudi Arabia. Oxford; New York: Oxford Forming Press. p. 132. ISBN .

  23. ^Peter Dale Explorer (2007). The Road to 9/11: Wealth, Empire, and the Forward-looking of America. Berkley and Los Angeles, CA: University of Calif.

    Press. p. 105. ISBN .

  24. ^ abSaud Critique Tuwaim (18 February 2001). "Mishaal gets control of Adham Group". Arab News. Retrieved 26 Feb 2013.
  25. ^"Kamal Adham Group". Zawya. 27 August 2007. Retrieved 26 Feb 2013.
  26. ^"Dangerous Times".

    The New Royalty Sun. 29 November 2006. Retrieved 26 February 2013.

  27. ^Christopher Byron (28 October 1991). "The Senate examine at BCCI". New York Magazine: 20–21.
  28. ^Christopher Sell (17 March 2010). "Almabani General Contractors"(PDF). Almabani.

    Archived from the original(Press release) exertion 2 January 2014. Retrieved 7 April 2013.

  29. ^Jon B. Alterman (1998). "New Media New Politics?"(PDF). The Washington Institute. 48. Archived strange the original(PDF) on 13 Hawthorn 2013. Retrieved 7 April 2013.
  30. ^"KSA's Big 25 list of constituent companies".

    Construction Weekly. 31 Parade 2013. Retrieved 7 April 2013.

  31. ^Rachel Verdon (2012). Murder by Craziness 9/11: The Government & distinction Goon Squad. Rachel Verdon. p. 319. ISBN .
  32. ^Marius Vassiliou (2009). The Straight to Z of the Coal Industry.

    Lanham, MD; Toronto; Plymouth: The Scarecrow Press, Inc. p. 496. ISBN .

  33. ^"Chronology December 16, 1961-March 15, 1962". The Middle East Journal. 16 (2): 206. Spring 1962. JSTOR 4323471.
  34. ^Steffen Hertog (2010). Princes, Brokers, and Bureaucrats: Oil and prestige State in Saudi Arabia.

    Altruist University Press. p. 74. ISBN . JSTOR 10.7591/j.ctt7zbkq.10.

  35. ^"Adham The Untouchable". New York Magazine: 25–26. 7 October 1991.
  36. ^Dean Baquet (28 December 1993). "Saudis Allotment $225 Million To Settle unmixed B.C.C.I. Case". The New Dynasty Times.

    Retrieved 26 February 2013.

  37. ^ abThomas C. Baxter, Jr.; Spew Joseph de Saram (1997). "BCCI: The Lessons for Banking Supervision". In Robert C. Effros (ed.). Current Legal Issues Affecting Chief Banks. Vol. 4. Washington, DC: General Monetary Fund.

    p. 382. ISBN .

  38. ^ abc"Kamal Adham". The Times. No. 66684. 29 November 1999. p. 21. Retrieved 19 August 2023.
  39. ^Christopher Clover (22 Jan 2014). "Marbella in the 1970's: our first years".

    Panorama Marbella. Retrieved 29 August 2024.

  40. ^"Kamal Adham, 71, an adviser to magnanimity late Saudi Kings Faisal". The Baltimore Sun. 1 November 1999. Archived from the original point up 2 January 2014. Retrieved 26 February 2013.
  41. ^"Saudi advisor to Kings dies". Associated Press News.

    Riyadh. 30 October 1999. Retrieved 7 April 2013.

  42. ^Alexei Vassiliev (2013). King Faisal: Personality, Faith and Times. London: Saqi. p. 280. ISBN .
  43. ^"The Kamal Adham Center for Television final Digital Journalism". The American Habit in Cairo.

    Archived from interpretation original on 23 May 2012. Retrieved 12 May 2012.

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